Diagnosis of COVID-19 from CT Images and Respiratory Sound Signals Using Deep Learning Strategies

COVID-19 has been a major issue among various countries, and it has already affected millions of people across the world and caused nearly 4 million deaths. Various precautionary measures should be taken to bring the cases under control, and the easiest way for diagnosing the diseases should also be identified. An accurate analysis of CT has to be done for the treatment of COVID-19 infection, and this process is complex and it needs much attention from the specialist. It is also proved that the covid infection can be identified with the breathing sounds of the patient. A new framework was proposed for diagnosing COVID-19 using CT images and breathing sounds. The entire network is designed to predict the class as normal, COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and viral pneumonia using the multiclass classification network MLP. The proposed framework has two modules: (i) respiratory sound analysis framework and (ii) CT image analysis framework. These modules exhibit the workflow for data gathering, data preprocessing, and the development of the deep learning model (deep CNN + MLP). In respiratory sound analysis framework, the gathered audio signals are converted to spectrogram video using FFT analyzer. Features like MFCCs, ZCR, log energies, and Kurtosis are needed to be extracted for identifying dry/wet coughs, variability present in the signal, prevalence of higher amplitudes, and for increasing the performance in audio classification. All these features are extracted with the deep CNN architecture with the series of convolution, pooling, and ReLU (rectified linear unit) layers. Finally, the classification is done with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier. In parallel to this, the diagnosis of the disease is improved by analyzing the CT images. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

"SOS Signal" in Breathing Sound - Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis Based on Machine Learning

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a novel type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19. The COVID-19 virus has recently infected more than 590 million individuals, resulting in a global pandemic. Traditional diagnosis methods are no longer effective due to the exponential rise in infection rates. Quick and accurate COVID-19 diagnosis is made possible by machine learning (ML), which also assuages the burden on healthcare systems. After the effective utilization of Cough Audio Signal Classification in diagnosing a number of respiratory illnesses, there has been significant interest in using ML to enable universal COVID-19 screening. The purpose of the current study is to determine people's COVID-19 status through machine learning algorithms. We have developed a Random Forest based model and achieved an accuracy of 0.873 on the COUGHVID dataset, demonstrates the potential of using audio signals as a cheap, accessible, and accurate COVID-19 screening tool. © 2022 ACM.

PhysioVec: A Multi-stage Deep-Learning Framework for Searching Online Health Information with Breath Sound

The COVID-19 outbreak presents a major challenge in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases. IoT has the potential to address the challenges by remotely providing patients with rich information about respiratory health. However, current IoT-based health monitoring systems do not provide users with sufficient information to access the rich information in Health Social Network (HSN). We developed PhysioVec, a framework for searching HSN using breath sounds. PhysioVec consists of three components: Local Recurrent Transformer (LRT), a Multivariate radial-basis Logistic Interpreter (MLI), and an existing sentence embedding module. LRT combines local attention and recurrent Transformer to reduce overfitting and improve performance in the segmentation of breathing sounds. Physiological information detected from breathing sounds is used to search for relevant health information. PhysioVec achieved 100%., 59.8%., 92.2%., and 100% precision in the top one search results for breath sound with the common cold, influenza, pneumonia, and bronchitis, respectively. Our proposed framework allows users to search HSN for useful information just by recording their breathing sounds on mobile phones. © 2022 IEEE.

COVID-19 and Respiratory Diseases Classification using Deep Convolution Neuron Network

This study proposes COVID-19 and Respiratory Diseases Classification using Deep Convolution Neuron Network. ICBHI 2017 Respiratory Sound Database including COVID-19 from Coswara databased were used in our experiments. The potential results show that the left side model performances are 0.85 accuracy, 0.76 sensitivity, and 0.90 specificity. The right side model performances are 0.86 accuracy, 0.76 sensitivity, and 0.93 specificity. No side set model performances are 0.83 accuracy, 0.71 sensitivity, and 0.93 specificity. In addition, the lung characteristics and lung functions are different among left and right. Therefore, the breathing sound from left and right lung are difference. For this reason, the cross-model performances were evaluated to test this assumption. The cross-model performance results show that the left data is consistent with the left model. As same as the right data is consistent with the right model. Furthermore, the experiment found that mixing training data built the no side set model is the lowest performance. In addition, the proposed framework tends to achieve high performance when compared with a recent study. © 2022 IEEE.

A deep-learning based multimodal system for Covid-19 diagnosis using breathing sounds and chest X-ray images.

Covid-19 has become a deadly pandemic claiming more than three million lives worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes distinct pathomorphological alterations in the respiratory system, thereby acting as a biomarker to aid its diagnosis. A multimodal framework (Ai-CovScan) for Covid-19 detection using breathing sounds, chest X-ray (CXR) images, and rapid antigen test (RAnT) is proposed. Transfer Learning approach using existing deep-learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on Inception-v3 is combined with Multi-Layered Perceptron (MLP) to develop the CovScanNet model for reducing false-negatives. This model reports a preliminary accuracy of 80% for the breathing sound analysis, and 99.66% Covid-19 detection accuracy for the curated CXR image dataset. Based on Ai-CovScan, a smartphone app is conceptualised as a mass-deployable screening tool, which could alter the course of this pandemic. This app's deployment could minimise the number of people accessing the limited and expensive confirmatory tests, thereby reducing the burden on the severely stressed healthcare infrastructure.